The Office of Justice of the Peace had its beginnings in England in 1195 when King Richard the Lionheart commissioned knights to keep the peace. Violence was rife in those times. The commissioned knights were called "custodes pacis" - keepers of the peace - and were responsible to the King.
In 1316, in the reign of Edward lll, the title Justice of the Peace was conferred on those keepers of the peace. Laws were enacted by Henry Vll to allow JPs to hear and determine most offences other than felonies. In the mid-1600s Justices were authorised to take declarations of marriage, undertake a range of administrative duties such as the licensing of ale houses - and to issue arrest warrants.




